They may not be a novice to us. They commonly happen in our homes and are called household pests. They are cockroaches. These are seen in every part worldwide with special mention of tropics. Several species of cockroaches have been isolated from India. The most popular species are Periplaneta Americana and Blatta orientalis. They fit in with the phylum Arthropoda and sophistication Insecta. The transaction that they are put is Dictyoptera. They most commonly inhabit houses, restaurants, hotels, bakeries, food stores and in many cases railway compartments and ship holds.

Cockroaches are nocturnal insects which remain hidden through the daytime in cracks, holes or crevices of kitchens, godowns, hotels, public toilets, neglected bags, boxes and other articles but come out at night so that you can acquire their nutrition. They may be fast runners and run quickly on being disturbed. Cockroaches likewise use their wings to fly to be able to get off their predators. Body colour varies from brown to brownish black. Body is dorsoventrally flattened measuring 3-5 cm in length. Mouth bears mandibulate sort of mouth parts. Eyes are compound like other arthropods fitted to mosaic vision using a single ocellus. Antennae bear around 100 segments and they are filiform in form. Pronotum is characteristically large covering the dorsum in the head just like a hood. Forewings are somewhat thickened and they are designated as tegmina whilst the hind wings are membranous and fan shaped. Legs are cursorial. The male is recognized by the existence of a couple of styli for the last abdominal segment generally known as sternum. Females bear a lower ovipositor on the seventh abdominal segment. External genitalia of male are asymmetrical healthy.



The breeding season for cockroaches comes from March-September when they continue to be very active. Copulation is accompanied by egg laying. Eggs are laid in bag like structures called ootheca that are deep brown in colour. Oothecae are marked by sculptured patterns where you can definite shape which is sign of a species. The number of eggs in the ootheca is different from 15-40 arranged in double rows. Formation of ootheca takes a couple of days and often could be found attached to the substratum. Female lays around 100 oothecae in their own overall life span each containing 16 eggs. The hatching of eggs depends upon the temperature and humidity from the environment. They hatch after 35 days in summers but take 100 days in winter. The larval development is additionally determined by the weather conditions. Nymphs or perhaps the larvae come to be adults in A few months in summers but can take A couple of years being adults in winters. The creation of nymphs into adults is of hemimetabolous type and they shed their cuticle during moulting. 10-13 moults are already notice within the life history of cockroaches. Under favourable conditions 2-3 generations exist in per year otherwise simply a single generation can be found.

Cockroaches are omnivorous and feed on various food materials. These are dirty, distasteful and odoriferous creatures and so are attracted towards garbage, food stuffs consumed by humans. They enter any food material consume it, discolour and spot it with faecal material and leave behind a foul smell. Also, they are generally known as transmitters of some diseases like tuberculosis, cholera, leprosy, dysentery and typhoid. Infestion of cockroaches in homes may be prevented by continuing to keep all the pipelines, safety tanks, tightly sealed. Food stuffs needs to be completely covered. Insecticides can be utilized so that you can control them. Cockroaches could possibly be attracted towards a source of food and then could be killed. Every one of the cracks and crevices of the houses needs to be sealed.

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